Determinants Of Personality Traits Influence On Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Agricultural Students Evidence From Two Different Economies
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Unemployment is a significant problem considered in many emerging economies. The joblessness mishap, especially in massive youth populace countries like China and Pakistan, which recently facing challenging situations in job creation. The youths are key players to create a vital role in the devotion to self-employment, to achieve financial independence and benefits to the economy. Entrepreneurship is a genuine alternative to escalation living standard among masses. In essential prospective entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector to be equipped, especially for faculty students to solve the problem of unemployment from rural graduates. The purpose of this research study to evaluate personality traits influence on entrepreneurial intentions among agricultural graduates profession choice in agriculture as a self-employment avenue to become an entrepreneur in the future. To this study, primary survey methodology used on a voluntary based participant’s sample, consisting of 640 graduate students. The data collected from Sindh Agriculture University (SAU) Pakistan and Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU) China. This study employed entrepreneurial intention, dependent variable on alertness, creativity, locus of control, risk-taking propensity, and need for achievement, with set control variables. Accumulated data analyzed by using multiple coefficient regressions analysis descriptive statistics and independent t-Tests. Conferring to results, overall reliability 0.86 found a significant favorable influence of entrepreneurial intentions among graduates. Higher entrepreneurial alertness, intense creativity, moderate propensity to take the risk, more significant locus of control and superior need for achievement, compared with individuals who do not possess such intentions between male and female of China and Pakistan students towards agriculture
Downloads
References
-
Ahmed, S. 2010. The promise of happiness: Duke University Press.
Google Scholar
1
-
Ajzen, I. 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Org. Beh and Hum.deci. Pro; 2, 179-211.
Google Scholar
2
-
Ang, S. H., & Hong, D. G. 2000. The entrepreneurial spirit among East Asian Chinese. Thu. Int. Bsi. Rev; 3, 285-309
Google Scholar
3
-
Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., & Ray, S. 2003. A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. J. of. Bsi. Vent;1, 105-123
Google Scholar
4
-
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Acad. of. Manage. Rev;3, 442-453.
Google Scholar
5
-
Blanchflower, D. G., Oswald, A., & Stutzer, A. 2001. Latent entrepreneurship across nations. Euro. Econ. Rev; 45, 680-691.
Google Scholar
6
-
Brockhaus Sr, R. H. 1980. Risk-taking propensity of entrepreneurs. Acad. Manage. J;3, 509-520
Google Scholar
7
-
Butler, J. E., Doktor, R., & Lins, F. A. 2010. Linking international entrepreneurship to uncertainty, opportunity discovery, and cognition. J. of Int. Entrep;2, 121-134
Google Scholar
8
-
Buttner, E. H. 1993. Female entrepreneurs: how far have they come? Bsi. Hori.Blo; 36, 59-59
Google Scholar
9
-
Bygrave, W. D., & Hofer, C. W. 1992. Theorizing about entrepreneurship. Entrep. Theor. Prac; 2, 13-22
Google Scholar
10
-
Carvalho, P. M. R. d. 2006. Factors determinants da intenção empreendedora. Fact. Deter. Int
Google Scholar
11
-
Charney, A. H., & Libecap, G. D. 2003. The contribution of entrepreneurship education: An analysis of the Berger program. Int. J. Entrep. Edu.,3, 385-418
Google Scholar
12
-
Coombs, W. T., Holladay, S., Hasenauer, G., & Signitzer, B. 1994. A comparative analysis of international public relations: Identification and interpretation of similarities and differences between professionalization in Austria, Norway, and the United States. J.Pub.Rel.Res.,1, 23-39
Google Scholar
13
-
De Pillis, E., & Reardon, K. K. 2007. The influence of personality traits and persuasive messages on entrepreneurial intention: A cross-cultural comparison. Car. Dev. Int;4, 382-396
Google Scholar
14
-
Díaz-García, M. C., & Jiménez-Moreno, J. 2010. Entrepreneurial intention: the role of gender. Int. Entrep. Manage. J.,3, 261-283
Google Scholar
15
-
Dufur, M. J., Parcel, T. L., & Troutman, K. P. 2013. Does capital at home matter more than capital at school? Social capital effects on academic achievement. Res. Soc. Strat.Mob., 31, 1-21
Google Scholar
16
-
Erdem, F. 2001. University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty J.Acade. Pres., 1-2
Google Scholar
17
-
Girvan, N. (2009). Implications of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) for the CSME. Soc. nd Econ Std., 91-127
Google Scholar
18
-
Gorman, G., Hanlon, D., & King, W. 1997. Some research perspectives on entrepreneurship education, enterprise education and education for small business management: a ten-year literature review. Int. Small. Busi.J.,3, 56-77
Google Scholar
19
-
Gürol, Y., & Atsan, N. 2006. Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students: Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Edu. Train., 1, 25-38
Google Scholar
20
-
Hannon, P. D., Collins, L. A., & Smith, A. J. 2005. Exploring graduate entrepreneurship: a collaborative, co-learning based approach for students, entrepreneurs, and educators. Ind.High. Edu.,1, 11-23
Google Scholar
21
-
Hansemark, O. C. 1998. The effects of an entrepreneurship program on the need for achievement and locus of control of reinforcement. Int. J. of Entrep. Beh.Res., 1, 28-50
Google Scholar
22
-
Hansemark, O. C. 2003. Need for achievement, locus of control and the prediction of business start-ups: A longitudinal study. J.Econ Psych., 3, 301-319.
Google Scholar
23
-
Hills, G. E., Lumpkin, G. T., & Singh, R. P. 1997. Opportunity recognition: Perceptions and behaviors of entrepreneurs. Front.Entrep.Res., 4, 168-182
Google Scholar
24
-
Hisrich, R., Langan-Fox, J., & Grant, S. 2007. Entrepreneurship research and practice: a call to action for psychology. Amer. Psycho.,6, 575
Google Scholar
25
-
Hofstede, G. (2010). Geert Hofstede. National cultural dimensions
Google Scholar
26
-
Hull, D. L., Bosley, J. J., & Udell, G. G. 1980. Renewing the hunt for the heffalump: identifying potential entrepreneurs by personality characteristics. J.Sml Bsi. Manage. (pre-1986), 18(000001), 11
Google Scholar
27
-
Jackson, M. C. 2007. Systems Approach To Management: Springer Science & Business Media
Google Scholar
28
-
Johnson, B. R. 1990. Toward a multidimensional model of entrepreneurship: The case of achievement motivation and the entrepreneur. Entrep. Theor.Prac., 3, 39-54
Google Scholar
29
-
Kaish, S., & Gilad, B. 1991. Characteristics of opportunities search of entrepreneurs versus executives: Sources, interests, general alertness. Journal of business venturing, 6(1), 45-61.
Google Scholar
30
-
Karanassios, N., Pazarskis, M., Mitsopoulos, K., & Christodoulou, P. 2006. EU strategies to encourage youth entrepreneurship: Evidence from higher education in Greece. Ind.High. Edu., 1, 43-50
Google Scholar
31
-
Kirzner, I. M. (1997). Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach. J.l Eecon Lit.,1, 60-85
Google Scholar
32
-
Koellinger, P., Minniti, M., & Schade, C. 2013. Gender differences in entrepreneurial propensity. Oxford Bulletin of economics and statistics.,2, 213-234
Google Scholar
33
-
Kristiansen, S., & Indarti, N. 2004. Entrepreneurial intention among Indonesian and Norwegian students. J. of Enterp Cult.,01, 55-78
Google Scholar
34
-
Kuratko, D. F. 2005. The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges. Entrep. Theor.Prac.,5, 577-597
Google Scholar
35
-
Leoni, T., & Falk, M. 2010. Gender and field of study as determinants of self-employment. Small Bsi Econ.,2, 167-185
Google Scholar
36
-
Levenburg, N. M., & Schwarz, T. V. 2008. Entrepreneurial orientation among the youth of India: The impact of culture, education, and environment. T. J. of Entrep.,1, 15-35
Google Scholar
37
-
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. 2009. Development and Cross-Cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrep. Theor.Prac., 3, 593-617
Google Scholar
38
-
Littunen, H. 2000. Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality. Int. J.Entrep. Behav.Res.,6, 295-310
Google Scholar
39
-
Marlow, S. 2002. Women and self-employment: a part of or apart from theoretical construct? The Int. J. of Entrep. & Innov., 2, 83-91
Google Scholar
40
-
McClelland, D. C. 1962. Business drive and national achievement. Har. Bsi. Rev., 4, 99-112
Google Scholar
41
-
Molino, M., Dolce, V., Cortese, C. G., & Ghislieri, C. 2018. Personality and social support as determinants of entrepreneurial intention. Gender differences in Italy. PloS. one., 6, 2-4
Google Scholar
42
-
Mueller, S. L., & Thomas, A. S. 2001. Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine-country study of locus of control and innovativeness. J. of Bsi Vent., 1, 51-75
Google Scholar
43
-
Murphy, G. B., & Callaway, S. K. 2004. Doing well and happy about it? Explaining variance in entrepreneurs’ stated satisfaction with performance. New Eng.J. of Entrep., 2, 15-26
Google Scholar
44
-
Obschonka, M., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., & Terracciano, A. (2014). Personality and the gender gap in self-employment: A multi-nation study. PloS one.,8, 3-8
Google Scholar
45
-
Perry-Smith, J. E., & Shelley, C. E. 2003. The social side of creativity: A static and dynamic social network perspective. Acade of Manage Rev., 1, 89-106
Google Scholar
46
-
Pervin, L. A. 1970. Personality: Theory, Assessment, and Research. Pervin: John. Wiley & Sons
Google Scholar
47
-
Potter, A., & Heath, J. 2004. The nation of Rebels: Why counterculture became consumer culture: New York: HarperBusiness
Google Scholar
48
-
Ridha, R. N., & Wahyu, B. P. 2017. Entrepreneurship intention in the agricultural sector of the young generation in Indonesia. Asia. Pci.J. of Innov.Entrep., 1, 76-89
Google Scholar
49
-
Robinson, P. B., Stimpson, D. V., Huefner, J. C., & Hunt, H. K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Enterprise. Theor.Prac., 4, 13-32
Google Scholar
50
-
Rosti, L., & Chelli, F. 2005. Gender discrimination, entrepreneurial talent, and self-employment. Small. Bsi. Econo.,2, 131-142
Google Scholar
51
-
Rotter, J. B. 1966. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psycho. Monog.Gen.App., 1, 1
Google Scholar
52
-
Sagie, A., & Elizur, D. 1999. Achievement motive and entrepreneurial orientation: a structural analysis.Journal of Organizational Behavior: The Int. J. Indus.Occup.Organ. Psycho.Beh., 3, 375-387
Google Scholar
53
-
Şahin, T. K., & Asunakutlu, T. 2014. Entrepreneurship in a cultural context: A research on Turks in Bulgaria. Pro-Soc. Behav.Sci., 150, 851-861
Google Scholar
54
-
Sardeshmukh, S. R., & Smith, R. 2010. An Examination Of Skills And Abilities In A Process Model of Entrepreneurship
Google Scholar
55
-
Sargani, G. R., Deyi, Z., Magsi, H., Noonari, S., Joyo, M. A., & Kazmi, S. M. M. 2018. An Empirical Study of Attitude Towards Entrepreneurial Intention among Pakistan and China Agricultural Graduates in Agribusiness. The Int. J. Bsi. Manage.Techno., 5, 21-34.
Google Scholar
56
-
Şenyuva, E., & Çalışkan, F. 2014. Lifelong learning perception metaphoric of nurses. Pro.-Soc.Behav. Sci, 152, 372-378
Google Scholar
57
-
Syrquin, M. 1988. Patterns of structural change. H.book.dev. Econ., 1, 203-273
Google Scholar
58
-
Thomas, A. S., & Mueller, S. L. 2000. A case for comparative entrepreneurship: Assessing the relevance of culture. J.Int.Bsi. Std.,2, 287-301
Google Scholar
59
-
Van der Kuip, I., & Verheul, I. 1999. Early Development of Entrepreneurial Qualities: T.Rol.Ini. Edu.,2,3-11
Google Scholar
60
-
Venesaar, U., Kolbe, E., & Piliste, T. 2006. Students’ attitudes and intentions toward entrepreneurship at Tal. Uni.Techno. TUTWPE., 154, 97-114
Google Scholar
61
-
Verheul, I., Thurik, R., Grilo, I., & Van der Zwan, P. 2012. Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality. J.Econ.Psycho.,2, 325-341.
Google Scholar
62
-
Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. 2007. Gender, Entrepreneurial Self–Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education. Entrep.Theor.Prac.,3, 387-406
Google Scholar
63
-
Yordanova, D. I., & Tarrazon, M.-A. 2010. Gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions: evidence from Bulgaria. J.Dev.Entrep.,3, 245-261
Google Scholar
64
-
Yusof, M., Sandhu, M. S., & Jain, K. K. 2007. Relationship between psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial inclination: A case study of students at University Tun Abdul Razak (Unitar). J.Asia. Entrep.Sustain., 2, 1-3
Google Scholar
65
-
Zakaria, e. a. 2014. Assessment Of Agricultural Students Of University For Development Studies Intention To Take Up Self-Employment in Agribusiness
Google Scholar
66
-
Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. 2005. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. J.App Psycho.,6, 6-12
Google Scholar
67