##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The existing study intends to measure those factors that affect dividend policy by considering pharmasuitacal’s companies registered on PSX from 2013 to 2017. Population based on all sectors of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) in which pharmaceutical’s companies taken as a sample by using census sampling technique because all companies of pharmaceutical sector were considered. Panel VAR model, fixed effect model (FAM) and also used a regression model to define the influence of IV on DV. The results revealed that has a significant effect of managerial ownership, debt policy, ROA, firm size and free cash flow on dividend policy. The findings of this study demonstrated that the company’s future performance has more concern for the betterment investors than current revenue. There should be active focus on the future aspects in order to improve firm performance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Ahmed, H. and Javaid, A.Y. (2009), “The determinants of dividend policy in Pakistan”, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Vol. 29, pp. 110-25.
     Google Scholar
  2. Al-Malkawi, H. N. (2007) “Determinants of Corporate Dividend Policy in Jordan: An Application of the Tobit Model” Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 23(2): 44-70.
     Google Scholar
  3. Al Shabibi, B. K., & Ramesh, G. (2011). An empirical study on the determinants of dividend policy in the UK. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 80(12), 105-124.
     Google Scholar
  4. Al-Kuwari, D. (2009). Determinants of the dividend policy of companies listed on emerging stock exchanges: the case of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.
     Google Scholar
  5. Amidu, M. & Abor, J. (2006) “Determinants of Dividend Payout Ratios in Ghana” The Journal of Risk Finance, Vol.7 (2): 136-45.
     Google Scholar
  6. Asadi, G. H., & Azizi, B. S. (2008). The Relationship between Carporation Income and Liquidity and Its Influence on Dividend.
     Google Scholar
  7. Amahalu, N. N., Okoye, E. I., Nweze, C. L., & Chinyere, O. J. (2016). Effect of Financial Leverage on Dividend Policy of Quoted Conglomerates (2010-2015).
     Google Scholar
  8. Amahalu, N., Abiahu, M. F. C., Chinyere, O., & Nweze, C. (2018). Effect of Accounting Information on Market Share Price of Selected Firms Listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange.
     Google Scholar
  9. Ayano, D. F., & Ponnala, V. (2016). Determinants of commercial banks financial performance in Ethiopia. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Adis Ababa: Adis Ababa University.
     Google Scholar
  10. Bahramfar N, Mehrani K (2004). Relation profit of each stock, dividend and enterprise in accepted companies in exchange stock of Tehran, J. Acc. Audit. Rev. 36:27-46.
     Google Scholar
  11. Bell, L., & Jenkinson, T. (2002). New evidence of the impact of dividend taxation and on the identity of the marginal investor. The Journal of Finance, 57(3), 1321-1346.
     Google Scholar
  12. Black, F. (1976), “The dividend puzzle”, Journal of Portfolio Management, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 1-22.
     Google Scholar
  13. Brealey, R. A., Allen, F. & Myers, S. C., 2008. Principles of Corporate Finance. 9 ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
     Google Scholar
  14. Bushra, A. & Mirza, N., 2015. The Determinants of Corporate Dividend Policy in Pakistan. The Lahore journal of economics, 20(2), p. 77–98.
     Google Scholar
  15. Chalaki P. (2005). Impact of accounting profit and operational cash flows on dividend in accepted companies in exchange stock of Tehran, Thesis M.A. in accounting course, University of Tarbiat Modares. p. 31-47.
     Google Scholar
  16. Chen, J. & Dhiensiri, N. (2009) “Determinants of Dividend Policy: The Evidence from New Zealand” International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Issue 34: 18-28.
     Google Scholar
  17. Crutchley, C. & Hansen, R. (1989) “A Test of the Agency Theory of Managerial Ownership, Corporate Leverage and Corporate Dividends” Financial Management, Vol.18: 36-46.
     Google Scholar
  18. Cristea, C., & Cristea, M. (2017). Determinants of corporate dividend policy: evidence from romanian listed companies. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 126, p. 04009). EDP Sciences.
     Google Scholar
  19. Davies, T., & Pain, B. (2002). Business Accounting & Finance. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill.
     Google Scholar
  20. Droughty, M. (2000). The Joy of Money. London: Simon & Schuster Ltd.
     Google Scholar
  21. Frankfurter, G. M., & Wood Jr, B. G. (1997). The evolution of corporate dividend policy. Journal of financial education, 16-33.
     Google Scholar
  22. Foroughi, M., & Fooladi, M. (2011). Corporate ownership structure and firm performance: evidence from listed firms in Iran.
     Google Scholar
  23. Easterbrook, F. H. (1984) “Two Agency-Cost Explanations of Dividends” American Economic Review, Vol.74 (4): 221-30.
     Google Scholar
  24. Gustav Hellström and GairatjonInagambaev (2012) Determinants of Dividend Payout Ratio: A Study of Swedish Large and Medium Caps. Umeå School of Business and Economics Journal.Umeå University SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
     Google Scholar
  25. Gill, A., Biger, N., & Tibrewala, R. (2010). Determinants of dividend payout ratios: evidence from United States. The Open Business Journal, 3(1).
     Google Scholar
  26. Glen, J., Karmokolias, Y., Miller, R. and Shah, S. (1995) “Dividend Policy and Behavior in Emerging Markets” IFC Discussion Paper No. 26.
     Google Scholar
  27. Gugler, K. (2003) “Corporate Governance, Dividend Payout Policy and the Interrelation between Dividends, R&D and Capital Investment” Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 27: 1297–1321.
     Google Scholar
  28. Jabbouri, I. (2016). Determinants of corporate dividend policy in emerging markets: evidence from MENA stock markets. Research in international business and finance ,37, 283–298.
     Google Scholar
  29. Jensen, M. C. (1986). Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance and Takeovers. The American Economic Review, 76(2), 323–329.
     Google Scholar
  30. Jin, Z., Yang, H., & Yin, G. G. (2013). Numerical methods for optimal dividend payment and investment strategies of regime-switching jump diffusion models with capital injections. Automatica, 49(8), 2317-2329.
     Google Scholar
  31. Kaleem, A., & Salahuddin, C. (2006). Impact of dividend announcement on common stock prices at Lahore Stock Exchange (Pakistan). South Asian Journal of Management, 13(2), 86.
     Google Scholar
  32. Kania, Sharon L. Longwood & Bacon Frank W. (2005), What Factors Motivate The Corporate Dividend Decision?, Asbbs E-Journal, Volume 1, No.1, Pp. No. 97-107.
     Google Scholar
  33. Kinfe, T. (2011). Determinants of dividend payout: an empirical study on banking industry in Ethiopia, 2006-2010. Unpublished Master Thesis). Addis Ababa University.
     Google Scholar
  34. Kaźmierska-Jóźwiak, B. (2015). Determinants of dividend policy: evidence from polish listed companies. Procedia economics and finance, 23, 473-477.
     Google Scholar
  35. Lasfer, M. A. (1995). Agency costs, taxes and debt: The UK evidence. European Financial Management, 1(3), 265-285.
     Google Scholar
  36. Lintner, J. (1956). "Distriobution of Incomes of Corporations among Dividend, Retained Earning and Tax", American economic Review.
     Google Scholar
  37. Lonie, A. A., Abeyratna, G., Power, D. M., & Sinclair, C. D. (1996). The stock market reaction to dividend announcements: A UK study of complex market signals. Journal of Economic studies, 23(1), 32-52.
     Google Scholar
  38. McCluskey, T., Burton, B. M., Power, D. M., & Sinclair, C. D. (2006). Evidence on the Irish stock market's reaction to dividend announcements. Applied Financial Economics, 16(8), 617-628.
     Google Scholar
  39. Mehta, A. (2012). An empirical analysis of determinants of dividend policy-evidence from the UAE companies. Global Review of Accounting and Finance, 3(1), 18-31.
     Google Scholar
  40. Miller, M.H. and Modigliani, F. (1961), “Dividend policy, growth, and the valuation of shares”, Journal of Business, Vol. 34 No. 4, pp. 411-33.
     Google Scholar
  41. Mitton, T. (2004). Corporate governance and dividend policy in emerging markets. Emerging Markets Review, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 409-426.
     Google Scholar
  42. Mohamadi, L. H., & Amiri, H. (2016). Investigation the effect of ownership structure, financial [42] leverage, profitability and Investment Opportunity on Dividend Policy. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS) ISSN 2356-5926, 2279-2288.
     Google Scholar
  43. Naceur, S. B., Goaied, M. and Belanes, A. (2005) “A Re-examination of Dividend Policy: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis”.
     Google Scholar
  44. Naeem, S. & Nasr, M. (2007) “Dividend Policy of Pakistani Firms: Trends and Determinants” International Review of Business Research Papers, Vol. 3(3): 242 Studies from 1995 to 1996. Indonesian Journal of Accounting and Finance, 2(2), 103-123.
     Google Scholar
  45. Rasaeeyan, A., Rasekhi, S., Naghizadeh, B., & Kashanipoor, M. (2010). Financial limitation and sensitivity of cash flow to investment in Tehran’s stock exchange. Accounting improvement, 2nd period, 2nd issue, 51-74.
     Google Scholar
  46. Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (1998). The effects of the degree of internationalization on firm performance. International Business Review, 7(3), 315-321.
     Google Scholar
  47. Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2003). Intellectual capital and firm performance of US multinational firms: a study of the resource-based and stakeholder views. Journal of Intellectual capital, 4(2), 215-226.
     Google Scholar
  48. Nishat, M. & Bilgrami, N. (1994) “Who pays dividend - An exploratory analysis of firms listed with Karachi stock market” AERC Discussion Paper 187.
     Google Scholar
  49. Nuhu, E. (2014). Revisiting the determinants of dividend payout ratios in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(8).
     Google Scholar
  50. Nuringsih, K. (2005). Analysis of Effect of Managerial Ownership, Debt Policy, ROA, and Size of Corporate Dividend Policy:
     Google Scholar
  51. Rozeff, M. S. (1982). Growth, beta and agency costs as determinants of dividend payout ratios. Journal of financial Research, 5(3), 249-259.
     Google Scholar
  52. Frankfurter, G. M., & Wood Jr, B. G. (1997). The evolution of corporate dividend policy. Journal of financial education, 16-33.
     Google Scholar
  53. Sakir, A., & Fadli, M. (2014). Influence of managerial ownership, debt policy, profitability, firm size, and free cash flow on dividend policy. Delhi Business Review, 15(1).
     Google Scholar
  54. Sindhu, M. I., Hashmi, S. H., &UlHaq, E. (2016). Impact of ownership structure on dividend payout in Pakistani non-financial sector. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1272815
     Google Scholar
  55. Smith, C. J. & Watts, R. L. (1992) “The Information Opportunity Set and Corporate Financing, Dividend and Compensation Policies” Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 32(3): 263-92.
     Google Scholar
  56. Soter, D., Brigham, E., & Evanson, P. (1996). The Dividend Cut “Heard ‘round the World”: The Case of FPL. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 9(1), 4-16.
     Google Scholar
  57. Uddin, H. Chaudhary. (2003). Effect of Dividend Announcement on Shareholders’ Value: Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange.
     Google Scholar
  58. Vo, D. H., & Nguyen, V. T. Y. (2014). Managerial ownership, leverage and dividend policies: Empirical evidence from Vietnam’s listed firms. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(5), 274.
     Google Scholar
  59. Woolridge, J. R., & Ghosh, C. (1985). Dividend cuts: do they always signal bad news?. Midland Corporate Finance Journal, 3(2), 20-32.
     Google Scholar
  60. Zameer, H., Rasool, S., Iqbal, S. & Arshad, U., 2013. Determinants of Dividend Policy: A Case of Banking Sector in Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18(3), pp. 410-424.
     Google Scholar
  61. Zuluaga, A. P., Vega‐Arreguín, J. C., Fei, Z., Ponnala, L., Lee, S. J., Matas, A. J., & Rose, J. K. (2016). Transcriptional dynamics of Phytophthorainfestans during sequential stages of hemibiotrophic infection of tomato. Molecular plant pathology, 17(1), 29-41.
     Google Scholar