The Role of Competency and Succession Program to Retain Millennial Healthcare Workers (Case Study in Indonesian Small Scale Maternity Hospital)



Abstract Views
720

Downloads
571

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Feb 7, 2021
Published Feb 20, 2021
10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.1.742

Abstract viewed = 720 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The turnover rates among millennial employees have become serious issue for many industries including healthcare industry. The negative economically outcome due to high turnover rate can vary from direct and indirect, tangible and intangible cost to the organization.

The cause of high turnover rate has been explained in many literatures, which includes leadership as one of the factors. Many studies have been underlining the importance of leadership style in lowering the number of turnover. Albeit some of leadership style may be proven to be effective in certain organization, the shift of millennial characteristic pressed other scholars to analyze if current theories of leadership style may sufficient and fitting to millennial. Therefore, there has been a gap in the literature between leadership style and leadership traits.

The purpose of this research is to study the relation between effective leadership traits for managing millennial and its’ impact to lower millennial healthcare workers turnover intention. Teamwork is an important aspect in millennial setting; therefore, it is used as moderator to imply if teamwork may strengthen the relation between the two previous variables.

The study was held in a small-scale maternity hospital in Malang, Indonesia, with the population of 57 millennial employees. The results of this research effort may help to fill the gap in the literature about the relationship between leadership traits, teamwork, and employee’s turnover for millennial in the workplace; and will hopefully help the organization to understand better the millennial motives to stay, and to bridge understanding between employer and employees.

Keywords: Leadership Traits, Turnover Intention, Teamwork, Millennial Employees, Healthcare Industry

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Zaheer, S., Ginsburg, L., Wong, H.J. (2019). Turnover Intention of Hospital Staff in Ontario, Canada: exploring the role of frontline supervisors, teamwork, and mindful organizing. Hum Resour Health 17, 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0404-2.
     Google Scholar
  2. Voon, M.L., Lo, M.C., Ayob, N.B. (2011), The Influence of Leadership Style on Employees’ Job Satisfaction In Public Sector Organization In Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), 24-32.
     Google Scholar
  3. Phillips, K.E. (2019). Managing Millennials: The Ultimate Handbook for Productivity, Profitability, and Professionalism. New York: Routledge.
     Google Scholar
  4. Griffeth, R.W., Hom, P.W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Correlates Of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, And Research Implications For The Next Millenium. Journal of Management. 26(3): 463-488.
     Google Scholar
  5. Bawdy, E., Tarek, A., & Bassiouny, M. (2014). Employee Engagement as A Mediator Between Transformational Leadership and Intention to Quit. Journal of Management, 12 (1).
     Google Scholar
  6. Leiter, M.P., Price, S.L., & Spence Laschinger, H.K. (2010) Generational Differences in Distress, Attitudes and Incivility Among Nurses. Journal of Nursing Management 18, 970–980.
     Google Scholar
  7. Arsenault, P. M. (2004). Validating Generational Differences: A Legitimate Diversity And Leadership Issue. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(1/2), 124-141. doi:10.1108/01437730410521813
     Google Scholar
  8. Houghton, J.D., C.P. Neck., C. C. Manz. (2003). We Think We Can, We Think We Can, We Think We Can: The Impact of Thinking Patterns and Self-Efficacy on Work Team Sustainability. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, Vol 9, No. 1/2: 31-41.
     Google Scholar
  9. Sujansky, J.G., Ferri-Reed, J. (2009). Keeping The Millennials, Why Companies Are Losing Billions In Turnover To This Generation—And What To Do About It. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc
     Google Scholar
  10. Loudenback, T. (2016). Millennials Are Rapidly Changing Today’s Business Landscape—Here Are 6 Reasons For It. Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/jason-haber-millennials-best-social-entrepreneurs-2016-4
     Google Scholar
  11. Gedeon, K. (2013). Millennials Have The Highest Employee Turnover Rate, Employers Call Them Expensive. Madame Noire Business Magazine.
     Google Scholar
  12. Lancaster, L. C., & Stillman, D. (2002). When Generations Collide. Who They Are. Why They Clash. How to Solve the Generational Puzzle at Work. New York: Collins Business.
     Google Scholar
  13. Thompson, C., & Gregory, J. B. (2012). Managing Millennials: A Framework for Improving Attraction, Motivation, And Retention. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 15(4), 237246. doi: 10.1080/10887156.2012.730444.
     Google Scholar
  14. Zanen, D. (2018). Effective Leadership Attributes for Managing Millennials: A Dual-Perspective Approach. Tilburg University.
     Google Scholar
  15. Schaefer, C.D. (2017). Factors Contributing to Millenial Turnover Rates in Department of Defense (DOD) Organizations. Dissertation Submitted To The Bisk College of Business at Florida Institute of Technology.
     Google Scholar
  16. Mobley, W. (1982). Employee Turnover, Causes, Consequences, and Control: Addison-Wesley.
     Google Scholar
  17. Osatuke, K., Moore, S.C., Ward, C., Dyrenforth, S.R., & Belton, L. (2009). Civility, Respect, Engagement in the Workforce (CREW) Nationwide Organization Development Intervention at Veterans Health Administration. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Volume 45 Number 3 September 2009 p.384-410. Doi 10.1177/0021886309335067.
     Google Scholar
  18. Abate, J., Schaefer, T., & Pavone, T. (2018). Understanding Generational Identity, Job Burnout, Job Satisfaction, Job Tenure And Turnover Intention. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 22(1), 1-12. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/journals/journal-of-organizational-culturecommunications-and-conflict-home.html
     Google Scholar
  19. Asiedu, G., Kumedzro, L., Aminu, S., & Boso, N. (2017). Linking Transformational Leadership To Turnover Intention In The Public Sector. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 8, 314-337. doi:10.1108/AJEMS-07-2016-0099
     Google Scholar
  20. Smith, T., & Nichols, T. (2015). Understanding The Millennial Generation. The Journal of Business Diversity, 15(1), 39-47. Retrieved from http://www.nabusinesspress. com/jbdopen.html
     Google Scholar
  21. Wells, J., & Peachey, J. (2011), Turnover Intentions: Do Leadership Behaviors And Satisfaction With The Leader Matter? Team Performance Management Journal, 17(1/2), 23-40. doi:10.1108/13527591111114693
     Google Scholar
  22. Nurcahyanto, D., Rofiaty., & Rahaya, M. (2018). Paternalistic Leadership on Gen-Y Employees’ Turnover Intentions with Motivation And Satisfaction As A Mediator. Journal of Applied Management (JAM) Volume 16 Number 4, December 2018. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.21776/ub.jam.2018. 016.04.08.
     Google Scholar
  23. Suhail, S., & Zafar, O. (2013). Employee. Turnover Model. International SAMANM Journal of Marketing and Management July 2013, Vol. 1, No.2, 2308-2399.
     Google Scholar
  24. Yuniasanti, R., Abas, N., Hamzah, H. (2019). Employee turnover intention among Millennials: The Role of Psychological Well-Being and Experienced Workplace Incivility. Humanitas Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol. 16, No. 1, August 2019, 74-85.
     Google Scholar
  25. Nelsey, L., & Brownie, (2012). Effective Leadership, Teamwork and Mentoring - Essential Elements in Promoting Generational Cohesion In The Nursing Workforce And Retaining Nurses. Collegian (Royal College of Nursing, Australia). 19. 197-202. 10.1016/j.colegn.2012.03.002.
     Google Scholar
  26. Rafferty, A.M., Ball, J., Aiken, L.H. (2001). Are Teamwork And Professional Autonomy Compatible, And Do They Result In Improved Hospital Care?. Qual Health Care. 2001;10(4):32-36.
     Google Scholar
  27. Pinel, E., & Paulin, N. (2005). Stigma Consciousness at Work. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 27, 345-352.
     Google Scholar
  28. Abdillah, F. (2012). Hubungan Kohevitas Kelompok Dengan Intensi Turnover Pada Karyawan. Journal of Social and Industrial Psychology.1(2), h:52-58.
     Google Scholar
  29. Aksel, I. (2008). Liderlik Teorileri. In C. Serinkan, Liderlik ve Motivasyon (pp. 33-61). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayincilik.
     Google Scholar
  30. Alimudin, A., & Sukoco, A. (2017). The Leadership Style Model That Builds Work Behavior Through Organizational Culture. JURNAL LENTERA: Kajian Keagamaan, Keilmuan Dan Teknologi, 3(2),362-375.
     Google Scholar
  31. Alimudin, A., Septian, D., Sasono, A. D., & Wulandari, A. (2017). Effect of Spiritual Leadership to Organizational Culture and Employee’s Loyalty. Jurnal Terapan Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 3(2), 76-86.
     Google Scholar
  32. Apker, J., Propp, K. M., & Ford, W.S. (2009). Investigating the Effect of Nurse–Team Communication On Nurse Turnover: Relationships Among Communication, Identification, And Intent To Leave. Health Commun.2009;24(2):106-114. doi:10.1080/10410230802676508.
     Google Scholar
  33. Bass, B. M. (1997). Does The Transactional–Transformational Leadership Paradigm Transcend Organizational And National Boundaries?. American Psychologist, 52, 130. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.130.
     Google Scholar
  34. Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2009). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, And Managerial Applications. New York: Simon and Schuster.
     Google Scholar
  35. Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting Unit Performance by Assessing Transformational and Transactional Leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 207-218. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207.
     Google Scholar
  36. Bawdy, E., Tarek, A., & Manal, B. (2014). Employee Engagement as A Mediator Between Transformational Leadership and Intention to Quit. Journal of Management, 12 (1).
     Google Scholar
  37. Bencsik, A., Csikos, G., & Juhaz, T. (2016). Y and Z Generations at Workplaces. Journal of Competitiveness, 8(3), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2016.03.06.
     Google Scholar
  38. Bencsik, A., & Machova, R. (2016). Knowledge Sharing Problems from The Viewpoint of Intergeneration Management. In ICMLG2016 - 4th International Conferenceon Management, Leadership and Governance: ICMLG2016 (p.42). Academic Conferences and publishing limited.
     Google Scholar
  39. Buchholz, S., & Roth, S. (2000). Creating the High Performance Team. New Jersey. Wiley.
     Google Scholar
  40. Caspi, A., & Roberts, B. W. (2001). Personality Development Across the Life Course: The Argument For Change And Continuity. Psychological Inquiry, 12(2), 49–66. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1202_01.
     Google Scholar
  41. Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality Development: Stability and Shange. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453–484.doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090 902.141913.
     Google Scholar
  42. De Cremer, D. (2006). Affective and Motivational Consequences Of Leader Self-Sacrifice: The Moderating Effect Of Autocratic Leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 79-93. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.10.005.
     Google Scholar
  43. Dencker, J. C., Joshi, A., & Martocchio, J. J. (2008). Towards A Theoretical Framework Linking Generational Memories to Workplace Attitudes And Behaviors. Human Resource Management Review, 18(3), 180–187. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.07.007.
     Google Scholar
  44. Dill, K. (2015). 7 Things Employers Should Know About the Gen Z Workforce, Forbes Magazine, 11.6. Retrieved March 16, 2016, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/Kathryn dill/2015/11/06/7-thingsemployers-shouldknow-about-the-gen-z-workforce/print/.
     Google Scholar
  45. Duffield C, Roche M, O'Brien-Pallas L, Catling-Paull C, King M. (2009). Staff Satisfaction and Retention and The Role of The Nursing Unit Manager. Collegian. 2009; 16(1): 11-17. doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2008.12.004.
     Google Scholar
  46. Eagly, A. H., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C., & Van Engen, M. L. (2003). Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles: A Mmeta-analysis Comparing Women and Men. Psychological bulletin, 129, 569. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569.
     Google Scholar
  47. Elmore, T. (2014). How Generation Z Differs from Generation Y. Retrieved July 01, 2015, from http://growingleaders.com/blog/generation-z-differs-generation-y/.
     Google Scholar
  48. Estryn-Béhar, M., Van der Heijden, B.I., & Ogińska, H. (2007). The Impact of Social Work Environment, Teamwork Characteristics, Burnout, And Personal Factors Upon Intent to Leave Among European Nurses. Med Care. 2007;45(10):939-950. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e31806728d8.
     Google Scholar
  49. Ferdinand. (2006). Metode Penelitian Manajemen. Semarang: Badan. Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
     Google Scholar
  50. Flippo, E.B. (1984). Personnel Management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
     Google Scholar
  51. Gastil, J. (1994). A Definition and Illustration of Democratic Leadership. Human Relations, 47, 953-975. doi: 10.1177/ 001872679404700805.
     Google Scholar
  52. Gormley, D.K. (2011). Are We on The Same Page? Staff Nurse and Manager Perceptions of Work Environment, Quality of Care And Anticipated Nurse Turnover. J Nurs Manag. 2011;19(1):33-40. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01163.x.
     Google Scholar
  53. Hosmer, D.W. & Lemeshow, S. (2000). Edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
     Google Scholar
  54. Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (1991). Generations: the history of America’s future 1584 to 2069.
     Google Scholar
  55. Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2000). Millennials rising: The next great generation. New York: Vintage.
     Google Scholar
  56. Hobart, B., Sendek, H. (2014). Gen Y Now: Millennials and the Evolution of Leadership. John Wiley & Son.
     Google Scholar
  57. Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R. C and Curphy, G. J. (2012). Leadership: Memperkaya Pelajaran dari Pengalaman, Edisi Ketujuh, Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
     Google Scholar
  58. Hunt, J. G. (1999). Transformational / Charismatic Leadership's Transformation of The Field: An Historical Essay. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 129-144. doi: 10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00015-6.
     Google Scholar
  59. Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2000). Generation X and the Public Employee. Public Personnel Management, 29(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600002900105.
     Google Scholar
  60. Kalisch, B.J., & Begeny, S.M. (2005). Improving Nursing Unit Teamwork. J Nurs Adm. 2005;35(12):550-556. doi:10.1097/00005110-200512000-00009.
     Google Scholar
  61. Kerrin, M., & Oliver, N. (2002). Collective and Individual Improvement Activities: The Role Of Rewards Systems. Personnel Review Vol.31 No 3:335.
     Google Scholar
  62. Krishnan, H.A. (2009). What Causes Turnover Among Women on Top Management Teams. Journal of Business Research 62 (pp.1181-1186).
     Google Scholar
  63. Komariah. (2005). Visionary Leadership Menuju Sekolah Efektif. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
     Google Scholar
  64. Kurniawan, H., & Alimudin, A. (2015). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Motivasi Kerja dan Kedisiplinan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Garam (Persero). Ilmu Manajemen Magistra, 1(2).
     Google Scholar
  65. Lewin, K., Lippitt, R., & White, R.K. (1999). Patterns of Aggressive Behaviour In Experimentally Created ‘Social Climates’. In M. Gold (Ed.), The Complete Social Scientist: A Kurt Lewin Reader (pp. 227-250). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
     Google Scholar
  66. Lyons, S. (2004). An Exploration of Generational Values in Life and At Work. Proquest Dissertations and Theses, 441-441. Retrieved fromhttp://ezproxy.um.edu.my/docview/305203456?accountid=28930
     Google Scholar
  67. Mannheim, K. (1952). The Problem of Generations. Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge, 24(19), 276-322–24.
     Google Scholar
  68. Martin, C. A., & Tulgan, B. (2002). Managing the Generational Mix. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
     Google Scholar
  69. Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2011). Human Resource Management: Essential Perspectives. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub.
     Google Scholar
  70. Michalek, F., & Long, M. (2013). Cohabitation with Millennials in The Workplace: A Contemporary Challenge of Leadership. Retrieved from: http://www.divaportal.org/ smash/get/diva2:631456/FULLTEXT01.pdf.
     Google Scholar
  71. Noble, S. M., & Schewe, C. D. (2003). Cohort Segmentation: An Exploration of Its Validity. Journal of Business Research, 56(12), 979–987. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(02)00268-0.
     Google Scholar
  72. Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J., Eds. (2005). Educating the Net Gen. Washington, D.C.: EDUCAUSE.
     Google Scholar
  73. Parry, E., & Urwin, P. (2010). Generational Differences in Work Values: A Review of Theory and Evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13, 79–96. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00285.x.
     Google Scholar
  74. Parsons, C. K., Herold, D. M., & Leatherwood, M. L. (1985). Turnover During Initial Employment: A Longitudinal Study of The Role of Causal Attributions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(2), 337–341.
     Google Scholar
  75. Pearce, C. L., & Sims Jr, H. P. (2002). Vertical Versus Shared Leadership as Predictors of The Effectiveness Of Change Management Teams: An Examination Of Aversive, Directive, Transactional, Transformational, And Empowering Leader Behaviors. Group dynamics: Theory, research, and practice, 6, 172-197. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.6.2.172.
     Google Scholar
  76. Pio, E. A. (2015). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Visioner, Kompensasi Tidak Langsung Dan Penempatan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Volume 3, pp. 1140-1150.
     Google Scholar
  77. Raup, G.H. (2008) The Impact of ED Nurse Manager Leadership Style on Staff Nurse Turnover and Patient Satisfaction in Academic Health Center Hospitals. J Emerg Nurs. 2008;34(5):403-409. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2007.08.020.
     Google Scholar
  78. Ryder, N. B. (1965). The Cohort as a Concept in the Study of Social Change. American Sociological Review, 30(6), 843–861. https://doi.org/10.2307/2090964.
     Google Scholar
  79. Sandra, D. (2007) Teamwork - Cara Menyenangkan Membangun Tim Impian. Bandung: Proggressio.
     Google Scholar
  80. Skogstad, A., Einarsen, S., Torsheim, T., Aasland, M. S., & Hetland, H. (2007). The Destructiveness of Laissez-Faire Leadership Behavior. Journal of occupational health psychology, 12, 80-92. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.12.1.80.
     Google Scholar
  81. Solimun, Fernandes, A.A.R, & Nurjannah. (2017). Metode Statistika Multivariat Permodelan Peramaan Struktural (SEM) – Pendekatan WarpPLS. Malang: UB Press.
     Google Scholar
  82. Steel, R. P., & Ovalle, N. K. (1984). A Review and Metanalysis of Research on The Relationship Between Behavioral Intentions and Employee Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology 69 (4):673-686.
     Google Scholar
  83. Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F., & Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational Versus Servant Leadership: A Difference in Leader Focus. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25, 349-361. doi: 10.1108/01437730410538671.
     Google Scholar
  84. Strauss, W., & Howe, N. (1991). Generations: The History of America’s Future, 1584 to 2069. New York: William Morrow & Co.
     Google Scholar
  85. Twenge, J. M. (2006). Generation Me: Why Today’s Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before. New York: Free Press.
     Google Scholar
  86. Van Eeden, R., Cilliers, F., & Van Deventer, V. (2008). Leadership Styles and Associated Personality Traits: Support for The Conceptualization of Transactional and Transformational Leadership. South African Journal of Psychology, 38, 253-267. doi: 10.1177/008124630803800201.
     Google Scholar
  87. Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in Organizations – Global 8th Edition. Essex:Pearson.
     Google Scholar
  88. Zemke, R., Raines, C., & Filipczak, B. (2000). Generations at Work: Managing the Clash of Veterans, Boomers, Xers, and Nexters in Your Workplace. New York: American Management Association.
     Google Scholar


Most read articles by the same author(s)